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Coughing and Sneezing: Preventing Respiratory Illnesses

Samuel Mattocks

Updated November 4, 2024
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Cold and other diseases of the respiratory system annually affect millions of people: from ordinary colds to severe illnesses including RSV, pertussis, COVID-19 and more. Respiratory disease is responsible for several hundred thousand hospitalizations throughout the USA yearly, and although children and elderly, are at higher risk.

For instance, the CDC has suggested that RSV alone was responsible for hospitalizing approximately 58,000–80,000 children younger than five years of age annually; In the most recent flu seasons, doctor visits and hospitalizations for all types of respiratory viruses have increased even more.

As these diseases continue to cause many deaths as well as suffering for many other people, efforts have to be made, especially in preventing transmission and mitigating the losses that are endured by society financially.

How Germs Spread

germs-spread-ways
Image Source: ksagclassroom
Respiratory illnesses spread in several key ways, primarily through airborne droplets and surface contamination:
1. Airborne Transmission: A person suffering from respiratory diseases, especially when they cough, sneeze, or even just speak, releases tiny particles containing infectious pathogens. These droplets can be breathed in by other people who are close by or beside the affected individual.
2. Surface Transmission: Viruses can survive on surfaces (including door knobs, phones, and tables), for hours or even days, depending on some circumstances. A person who touches such surfaces and touches their face will transfer the virus to him or herself.

Preventive Measures

To control the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses, Below are core habits for effective prevention:

1. Covering Coughs and Sneezes

Covering the mouth while coughing or sneezing through a handkerchief or hand reduces the chances of droplets being discharged or dropping on objects frequently touched by others. If you do not have a tissue near you, use the bend of your elbow rather than cough or sneeze in the air.

By avoiding using your hands, you can prevent contamination of public surfaces. Using correct coughing and sneezing etiquette is one simple but profound manner that every individual can take for respiratory disease prevention.

2. Hand Hygiene

Hand washing is the most effective way of avoiding the spread of germs and diseases around our nearest neighbours.
How to Wash: You must use soap and water, scrub for at least 20 seconds and make sure to cover all the hand surfaces.
When to Wash: After touching surfaces exposed to germs, dust, and pathogens.
● Using Hand Sanitizer: If washing with soap and water cannot be done then use alcohol based hand rub from a preparation that has at least 60% alcohol ready for use.

3. Avoiding Close Contact

One of the measures recommended for controlling respiratory diseases is to limit physical closeness when ill or when surrounded by infected persons. Isolation is efficient if taken in areas with many people, such as school-going minors, workplaces as well as transport facilities. Close interactions always lead to the spread of germs, and thus, confining yourself and avoiding close contact with other people can greatly reduce their spread.

Cleaning and Disinfecting Guidelines

frequency-of-cleaning
Image Source: slideserve
Doorknobs, switches, remote control, desk tops, and the like tend to be touched most of the time and must be washed and disinfected. Here’s a general guideline for maintaining a healthier environment:
Frequently Touched Surfaces
Image Source: ReadyO2
Using disinfectants approved by health authorities is recommended for effective hand hygiene. Regular disinfection helps prevent viruses from lingering and spreading to others, ensuring spaces are safer for everyone.

Encouraging Respiratory Hygiene in Community Settings

Creating policies and encouraging practices that support respiratory hygiene can further prevent outbreaks. For example:
● Schools and Workplaces: School recommendations include the availability of hand sanitizers in classrooms and washing of hands before eating. Measures that assist the employer in implementing these measures may include the following: An employer can implement policies that forbid the workers from coming to work if they are sick.
● Public Spaces: Posting notices can act as friendly cues for people in common places like malls, hospitals and gyms to wash their hands or cover mouths when coughing.
It is an undeniable fact that the promotion of a health and hygiene culture is a social process that can greatly strengthen the society’s ability to prevent and cope with respiratory infections.

Conclusion

With such respiratory diseases affecting people across the world, your personal healthy habit affects the community (positively, of course). Coughing and sneezing etiquette, the correct way of washing hands and having healthy practices are some ways we can avoid making contact with germs.

Although it is advisable to ensure that your friends, family and even your colleagues adopt these practices, reminding them is very important since preventing respiratory illnesses is beneficial to everyone. These are the tips one can use in the future, should follow these guidelines Let elaborate on these few and let’s make the world a safer place for everybody.

References

1. “Healthy Habits: Coughing and Sneezing.” Water, Sanitation, and Environmentally Related Hygiene (WASH), 16 Apr. 2024.
2.“---.” Water, Sanitation, and Environmentally Related Hygiene (WASH), 16 Apr. 2024.
3.“Hygiene and Respiratory Viruses Prevention.” Respiratory Illnesses, 1 Mar. 2024.
4.Professional, Cleveland Clinic Medical. “Upper Respiratory Infection.” Cleveland Clinic, 1 May 2024.
5.“Ventilation and Respiratory Viruses | US EPA.” US EPA, 1 Nov. 2024
As the co-founder of ReadyO₂ and a highly educated expert in respiratory care, Samuel Mattocks brings over ten years of experience to the blog. He works closely with top respiratory therapists to provide clear, actionable information on oxygen therapy and respiratory care. He is committed to educating readers about respiratory health, covering topics such as the management of COPD, asthma, and other lung diseases. His clear, concise writing style helps demystify complex medical concepts, empowering patients to take control of their health and make informed choices.

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